Copying device



was 25, P923 w. BAUERSFELD COPYING DEVICE Filed July 18, 1922 5Sheets-Sheet 1 Deco 25, 1923. I 1,478,693

- VV. BAUERSFELD COPYING DEVICE Filed July 18. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 nawMm 1 Dec, 25, 1923.

W. 'BAUERSFELD COPYING DEVICE Filed July 18 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Dec, 25',1923. 1,478,693

W. BAUERSFELD COPYING DEVICE Filed July 18'. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 4@Wv/z, MM Q mm 25,, m3. ums

. W. BAUERSFELD COPYING DEVICE Filed July 18, 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Hg.5 I

iFatented Dec, 2%, E23.

manta unit are raw rte,

wam'nnn. Bn'onnsrnmo, or JENA, GERMANY, Assmnoa 'ro THE FIRM CARL ZEISS,or

JENA, GERMANY.

COPYING DEVICE.

Application filed July 18,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WAL'rHnR BAUERS- r1211), a citizen of the GermanEmpire, and residing at Jena, Germany, have invented a new and usefulCopying Device (for which I have filed an application in Germany, July18, 1921), of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to a, device for copying the surface, tobe obtained from a photostereogram, of a spatial form which device isconstructed as follows. A copyino device contains a copy carrier and atoo which are movable relatively to each other at least in a plane. Eachof two photocarriers carries one of the two photograms and an objectivedisposed in the centre of projection of this photogram. A mark systemand the two photo-carriers are disposed in space displaceablyrelatively-to each other and their relative displacements aretransmitted to the copying device in such a way that the mark system isseen with the aid of a binocular observation system as coinciding at anyone time with those two image-points which correspond on the twophotograms to the object point indicated by the tool-point on thecopy-carrier.

Such a device has, e. g. become known by the patent specification1138347. In the constructional examples described in this patoutspecification the simple case has been supposed that the photograms hadbeen taken with objectives having a horizontal axial direction. In orderto use such a device for utilizing photo rams, during the exposure ofwhich the dlojective-axe had been optionally directed into space,according to the present invention for the purpose of sharply imagingthe mark system and the two photograms there is inserted between eachphotogram and the mark system a lens system, of which at least onemember,dependent upon the distance of the mark system from the objectiveappertaining to the respective photogram, undergoes an adjustment in thedirection of its optical axis. With a view to prevent this lens systemfrom affecting the measurement by its unavoidable distortion,

' it is coupled to the mark system and the appertaining photo-carrier insuch a manncr as to participate in changes of inclination of theappertaining sighting line and to occupy at the same time such aposition 1922. Serial Ito. 575,862.

relatively to thissighting line that its optical axis and this sightingline almost coincide. The lens system is suitably disposed between theappertaining objective and the mark system. If this'lens system consists.of several members and be supported universally rotatabl'y about apoint, it is, in

order to render harmless deviations of its optical axis from theappertaining sighting line, devised and disposed in such a way that itspoint of rotation coincides with its principal point facing the marksystem, independently of the position which its members occupyrelatively to each other at any one time. In order that, furthermore, aslittle light as possible will ,be lost, the lens system is so disposedthat its point of rotation coincides with the principal point, facingthe mark system, of the appertaining objective.

With a view to be independent of the dimensions of the photo-carrierswhen selecting the scaleof the copy, the mark system is suitably soconstructed as to consist of two members which'are disposed at adistance apart, invariable during the copying, in such a way that eachof them can only be seen in the binocular observation system ascoinciding with one of the two photograms. This distance may be sochosen that a suflicient working space is attained.

If, in addition, the device be provided with three principal slideswhich are to be actuated by the observer and of the directions ofdisplacement of which two are perpendicular to each other and the thirdis perpendicular to the two others, the dis-' placement, required whilstcopying, of the two members of the mark and of the two photo-carriersrelatively to each other in space can be either attained by rigidlydisposing the one pair and by imparting the whole displacement to theother pair alone, or by dividing the displacements among both pairs atoption. A particularly favouralble constructional formv is attained iftwo of these three principal slides be united to a cross slide system,carrying on its top slide the two photo-carriers, and if the two membersof the mark be disposed on he third principal slide.

By choosing the direction of displacement of the bottom slide of thecross-slide system in such a way that this slide adjusts the distanceapart of the two photo-carrie and of the two members of the mark, it ispossible to copy on different scales by ad-. justably disposingrelativelyto each other the members of one of these two pairs in thedirection of displacement of the top slideof the cross slide system andthe members of the same or of the other pair in the direction ofdisplacement of the third principal slide. W1th a view to be able totake into consideration the relative position of the photograms duringthe exposure, each of the two photo-carriers should be in Oardansuspension on the slide, carrying it, in such a way that its Cardancentre almost coincides with the principal point, facing the marksystem, of its objective. By also rendering the members of one of thosetwo pairs adjustable relat'vely to each other in the direction of dislacement of the bottom slide of the crossslide system, only the onephoto-carrier need be in Cardan suspension, whilst for the otherphoto-carrier only a rotation about a'single axis need be provided forin such a way that this rotation corresponds to the inclination of theobjective-axis, adjusted for during the exposure of the appertainingphotogram. A particularly compact structure'of the device may beattained by providing for the Cardan suspension of both photo-carriersalso in this case and by adjustably disposing each of both members ofthat of the said both pairs in which the direction of the relativeadjustment of the two members coincides with the direction ofdisplacement of that principal slide which controls the relativedisplacement of the space-mark corresponding to the two members of themark with binocular observation and of the spatial form corresponding tothe two photograms, in the breadth-direction of this form.

, In order that the two photograms can be adjusted according to theslant existing during their exposure, it is necessary to dispose eachphotogram relatively to the appertaining objective rotatably about theoptical axis of the latter. For constructional reasons it is advisableto dispose the entire photo-carrier rotatably about the axis of itsobjective, so that the objective participates in the rotation of thephotogram.

For the purpose of the simultaneous binocular observation of the membersof the mark and of the photograms each of these members may either beimaged on the appertaining photogram, or the image-point adjusted for atany one time into the appertaining mark-plane, or finally the imagepoint adjusted for at any one time with the appertaining member of themark into a third plane. To the first case there corresponds anobservation from the side of the photograms, to the other two cases anobservation from the side of the marks.

A particularly simplified binocular obaeraeea system which consists oftwo groups of reflectors disposed in succession. These groups aresupported on the slide carrying this member of the mark, viz, the frontgroup, facing the appertaining photo-carrier, in Cardan suspension insuch a way that its Cardan centre contains this member of the mark, andthe rear group, facing the appertaining ocular, rotatably about an axiscoinciding with the outer Cardan axis of the front group of reflectors.In addition, the two groups of reflectors are so coupled as to becapable of rotating about this common axis of rotation only through thesame angle, and the position of the reflecting surfaces is chosen insuch a way that the appertaining sighting line, on leaving the reargroup of reflectors, is parallel to the axis of rotation of this group.With a view ,to present .to .the observer a stationary image,independently of roserver bev so chosen that this sli e adjusts.

the displacement of the space-mark, corresponding to both members of themark with.

binocular observation, relatively to the spatial form, corresponding tothe two photograms, in the breadth-direction'of this form, it ispossible to attain a firm position for the oculars by introducing intothe path of;

rays between each rear group of reflectors and the appertaining ocularan arrangement of link-prisms.

In the event of using a two-membered mark-system it is possible, insteadof disposing the two members of the mark in such a way that theydetermine directly the position of the sighting lines, to arrange themin such a manner that they lie themselves outside the path of raysavailable during the observation and that their reflected'images areeflective. For this purpose each of the two members of the mark could,e. g. be disposed adjacent to one of the two objectives of thephoto-carrier in such a way that the reflected image of the member ofthe mark, produced by a reflector semi-pervious to light and 1 ingbehind this objective, is situated in t e object-principal point of thismemes ular instrument there would then have suitcopying linear. elementsof the surface, to,

be obtained from a photostereogram, of a spatial form upon a planesurface. Figs. 1 and 2 are elevations in section, Fig. 3 is a frontelevation, Fig. 4 is a plan elevation,

partly in section and Fig. 5 is a side elevation in section.

, On a base plate G there is disposed a system of three principal slidesA B and C The slides B and C are displaceable each on the base platealong two guide-bars in such a way that their directions of displacementare perpendicular-to each other, whilst the slide A is displaceable onthe slide C along two guide-bars a in such a way that its direction ofdisplacement is perpendicular to both that of the slide B and that ofthe slide C The slide A can be fixed relatively to the slide 0 by meansof a set screw a and its upper edge indicates on a scale a of the oneguide-bar the position adjusted for at any one time. The slide A isactuated by means of a threadspindle a rotatably supported on the slideC the rotation of this spindle being started by means of a pair of bevelwheels a a) by a grooved shaft a. which is rotatably supported on thebase plate G and'on which a hand wheel 0; is fixed. The meshing of thebevel wheels a and a with each other is secured by a fork-shaped stud 0.which is fixed to the slide C and engages in the nave of the wheel adisplaceable along the grooved shaft a. The slide B is actuated by aspindle I), provided with a thread and being rotatably supported on thebase plate G and, furthermore being rotatable by means of a pair ofbevel wheels b b a shaft 6 and a foot-disc b fixed to the latter. Theslide C engages in two-spindles 0 and 0 having the same thread, whichspindles are rotatably supported on the base plate G and the one ofwhich, 0 carries a hand wheel 0 With a view to impart, when actuatingthis hand-wheel, to both spindles 0 and 0 like rotations in the samedirections, the spindles 0 is wedged with a toothed wheel 0 and thespindle 0 with a toothed wheel 0 Both toothed wheels are alike andengage in a third toothed wheel 0 which is supported on the base plateG. To the slide C there is fixed a drawing board (1 in such a mannerthat the drawing plane is perpendicular to the direction of displacementof the slide A. The appertaining drawing pin 03 is fitted to an arm (irigidly connected with the slide B The sllde A (vide Figs. 2 and 4)carries a cross-slide arrangement, consisting of a slide 6 adjustable inthe direction of displacement of the slide C and a slide 6 adjustable onthis slide 0 in the direction of displacement of the slide A The slide 6can be fixed on the slide A by means of a set screw c and the slide 6 onthe slide 6 by means of a set screw e". The position, adjusted for atany one time, of the slide 6 relatively to the slide A is indicated on ascale e of the slide A by a pointer e of the slide '0 whilst theposition, adjusted for at any one time, of the slide 6 relatively to theslide e is indicated on a scale 6" of the slidee by the upper *edge ofthe slide 6 On the slide A two photo-carriers f, each of which containsa photogram f and an objective f lying in the centre of projection ofthis photogram, are disposed as follows. Each photo-carrier is supportedrotatably about the axis of its objective f within a bearing body 9 towhich an illuminating device 71., h for the photogram f of thephoto-carrier is fixed. Each bearing body is supported on an arm ibymeans of an arm 9 rotatably about an axis, parallel to the drawing planeand containing the front principal point of the appertain-- ingobjective f With the aid of a set screw 71 it can be fixed relatively tothe arm In -addition,.a pointer g of the arm- 9 indicates on a scale 2'of the arm 2' the position, adjusted for at any one time, of the bearingbody 9 relatively to the arm 2'. Each of the two arms 21 for the twobearing bodies is supported rotatably about an axis, parallel to thedirection of displacement of the slide A and intersecting the axis ofrotation of the appertaining bearing body in the front principal pointof the appertaining objective f viz. the one arm directly upon the slideA the other one upon the slide e Each arm 71 can be fixed on the slidecarrying it by means of a set screw 2' Besides, a pointer i of the arm2' indicates on a scale 2' of the slide carrying it the position,adjusted for at any one time, of the arm 71 relatively to the slidecarrying it. In the annexed drawing the pointers g and i indicate eachon the appertaining scale the value zero, the axes of the objectives fbeing parallel to the direction of displacement of the slide C -Also theslides e and e are set to zero in the drawing, the connecting line ofthe front principal points of the two objectives f being parallel to thedirection of the displacement of the slide B On the slide B two slides j(vide Figs. 1, 4 and 5) are displaoealbly disposed in such that theirdirections of displacement coincide with the direction of displacementof the slide B Each of the two slides can be fixed on the slide B1 bymeans of a set' screw The position, adjusted for at any one time, ofeach of the two slides jrela ti vely to the slide B is indicated by apointer j" on a scale j of the slide B On each of the two slides j acasing is is supported rotatably about an axis parallel to the directionof displacement of the slide A The plane determined by the axes ofrotation of both casings 7c is parallel to the direction of displacementof the slide B and in the event of the slides j being in their zeroposition, as shown in the annexed drawing, the distance apart of theaxes ofrotation is equal to that, existing in the zero position of theslidese and c of the front principal points of the objectives f Each ofthe two casings It serves for receiving optical members of one of bothhalves of a binocular observation instrument. The arrangement of theoptical members in each casing is as follows. A frame rotation of thecasing k. ,The boundry,

surface of the collective lens, facing the appertaining objective fcontains this point of intersection and is provided within the same witha sighting mark Z.

In addition, the frame Z'contains a rism Z which defleets three timesthe optical axis of the collective lens l in one and the same plane insuch a way that, on leaving the prism 1*, it coincides with the axis ofrotation of the frame 1. Within the casing Is an amici prism k and asingle reflecting prism k are so fixed that a, luminous ray which, onleaving the prism 1 coincides with the axis of rotation of the frame Z,coincides, when leaving the prism W, with the axis of rotation of thecasing is. In order to avoid an inversion of the image arisin with thedisplacements of the frame I an of the casing is, an erecting prism m isinserted between the prisms k and is into the path of rays. This prismrests within a bush m which is rotatably supported on the casing k withthe aid of two adjacent bushes m and m in such a way that itsaxis ofrotation is parlens pt.

masses pendicularly intersects that of the bush m. This wheel engagestwouniform bevel gear systems, the axes of which coincide with the axisof rotation of the bush m and of which the one, m belongs to the bush mand the other one m to the bush m In order that with displacements ofthe frame Z about its axis of rotation the bush m experiences the samerotations in the opposite direction about its own axis of rotation, agearing m of the bush m enga es in a similar gearing Z of the frame I.ithi-n the tubular body 7' a reversing lens j is fixed in such a we thatits optical axis coincides with the axis of rotation of the casing is.Besides, to the tubular body there is screwed a tubular body 7', whichcontains a ridge-prism j" in' such a position that the optical axis ofthe reversing lens j is deflected into the direc tion of displacement ofthe slide C On the tubular body j there is rotatably'supported a tubularbody a. Another tubular body" ois rotatabl supported at its one end onthis tubular ody n at its other end on the baseplate G. All axes ofrotation of the tubular bodies a and o are parallel to the direction ofdisplacement of the slide The tubular body n contains two singlereflecting prisms n and n the tubular body 0 two single reflectingprisms 0 and o as well as an ocular 0", the opticalaxis of whichcoincides with the axis of rotation of the tubular body 0 on thebase-plate G. In addition, the risms n n 0 ando are sodisposed withinthe tubular body as to always deflect the o tical axis of the reversinglens jQ'deflecte by the ridge-prism j in such a way that it finallycoincides with the optical axis of the ocular 0.

On the slide A there are further disposed two lens-carriers p in thefollowing way. Each lens-carrier is supported rotatably on an arm Qabout an axis, parallel to the draw ing plane and containing the frontprin-. cipal point of the appertaining'objective 7. Each of the'two arms9 is. supportedrotatably about an axis, parallel to the direction ofdisplacement, of the slide A and intersecting the axis of rotation ofthe zip-- pertaining lens-carrier in the front principal point of theappertaining objective 7, viz. the one directly on the slide A the otherone on the slide 6 Upon each of the two lens-carriers p a collectivelens 39 is fixed in such a way that its optical axis perpendicularlyintersects the axis of rotation of the lens body 10 in the frontprincipal point of the appertaining objective f and a dispersive lens pdisplaceably disposed in such a way that its optical axis alwayscoincides with that of the collective In order that the common opticalaxis of the lenses p and always coincides with the optical axis with theappertaining collective lens Z there is fixed to its each frame Z aguide-bar lfl along which the appertaining lens-carrier p can slide. Inorder to impart to each dispersive lens 72 dependently upon thedistance, adjusted for at any onetime, of the appertaining sighting markZ from the front principal point of the appertaining objective 7, therequisite adjustment for sharply imaging the appertaining photogram intothe markplane, the following arrangement has been provided for. Thedispersive lens 2 is fixed on a slide 72 which is guided on thelens-carrier p in the direction of the optical axis of the dispeisivelens. The slide 30" engages by means of a pin 1)? in a screwshapedgroove 1' of a bush 1" which is supported rotatably on the lens-carrierp about an axis parallel to the direction of displacement of the slide19 With displacements of the lens-carrier 12 along the guide-bar Z thebush 1" is rotated with the aid of a pair of bevel wheels 0, 8 two pairsof spur gear wheels 3 s and 8 s and a toothed wheel 8, the latterengaging in a gearing Z of the bar Z*, in such a way that the dispersivelens 12 experiences the requisite displacement.

The adjustments required for rendering the device ready for use dependupon the position assumed of the spatial co-ordinate system, determinedby the directions of #displacements of the three principal slides A Band C relatively to the base-line used for the exposure. If, e. g. it beassumed that the direction of displacement of the slide C thedepth-direction, be the bisecting line of the angle which, during theexposure of the photograms to be utilized, has been embraced by thehorizontal projections of the objective-axes (this angle is hereafterdenoted as convergent angle), that furthermore the direction ofdisplacement of the slide B the breadth-direction, be the horizontalline perpendicular to this bisecting line of the angle and that finallythe direction of displacement of the slide A be the vertical lineperpendicular to this bisecting line, the following adjustments will berequired. The two arms 2' are to be so adjusted that the pointer 11 ofeach arm indicates on the appertaining scale 2' half of the convergentangle, and the two bearing bodies 9 in such a manner that the pointer gof the bearing body disposed on the right (left) in front of theobserver indicates on the appertaining scale 2' the angle which the axisof the objective used during the exposure at the left (right) stationhas embraced with'the horizontal plane. Into the bearing body 9,situated on the left (right) of the observer a photo-carrier f is to beinserted which contains as the photogram f the negative corresponding tothe exposure at the right (left) station and the 'objective of which 7is like the right (left) objective used for exposure. In addition, theslanting of the photograms must be the same as during the exposure. Theslide a should be adjusted in such a way that its pointer 6 indicates onthe scale 6 the horizontal projection, measured in the scale of thecopy, of that length which during the which during the exposureof thephotograms comes about by projecting the baseline on a planeperpendicular to the bisecting line of the convergent angle. The setscrews 6 e", 11 i and j having then been fixed, the device is ready foruse.

With a view to trace in plan any desired lines of the surface of thespatial form corresponding to the two photograms, the observer mustactuate the three principal slides A B and C by means of the hand wheelsa and c and the foot disc 12* in such a way as to be able of seeingthetwo sighting marks Z as coinciding in succession with the differentpairs of image-points, corresponding to those lines on the photograms.If it be desired to trace in plan lines lying at one and the sameheight, the slide A must be fixed with the aid of the set screw a insuch a manner that its upper edge indicates on the scale a the height,measured in the scale of the copy, of the said height with reference tothat horizontal plane which during the exposure of the photogramscontains the front principal point of the right-hand objective.

If the dimensions be suitably selected, the above described deviceadmits of utilizing photograms, during the-exposure of which theobjective axes experienced an upward or downward inclination up to 45towards the horizontal plane. In order to also be able to utilizephotograms, at the exposure of which the available angles of inclinationof the objective-axes mounted up to 90, the arrangement would have to bemade in such a way that one of the two members of the drawing apparatus,e. g. the drawing board, instead of being rigidly connected to the slideC, as shown in theannexed drawing, could either be coupled to the slideG (if these angles of inclination amounted up to 45), or to the slide A(if those angles of inclination amounted to from 45 to 90). In that casethe slides A and C would exchange their functions as height slides andas depth-slides. In the first case it would be necessary to adjust onthe scales and i as well as on the scales 6 and e for the values asabove described. In the second case, however, the values to be adjustedfor would have to be computed according to the exchange of height anddepth.

If, in addition, the member of the drawing apparatus affected by theslide B instead of being fixedon the latter, as shown in the drawing,would be connectedto the slide B by means of a coupling, it would bepossible, without altering the adjustment of the slides 6 e and j, tochangethe scale of the drawing by the insertion of gear systems.-

I claim:

1. In a device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a palr ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copying device containing a copy-earnerand a tool which are movable relatively to each other at least within aplane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one .of the twophotograms and an objective destined to be-disposed in the centre ofprojection ofthe appertaining photogram, a binocular observation system,a

mark system, whereby the latter and the pair of photo-carriers aredisposed in space I serted and means being provided for,

adapted to couple the lens system and the 1 mark system in such a waythat at least to carry one 0 objective destined to be isposed in thecentre of projection of the appertaining photogram, a binocularobservation system, a

one member ofthe lens system, dependent upon the distance of the marksystem from the objective, a pertaining to the respective photogram, unergoes a displacement in the direction of its optical axis.

2. In a device for copying the surface,

to be obtained from a pair of photograms, of a spatial form, a copyingdevice containing "a copy-carrier and a tool which are mov-' 'ablerelatively to eachotherat least within a plane, two photo-carriers, eachadapted the two hotograms and. an

mark system, whereby the latter and the pair of photo-carriers aredisposed in space displaceably relatively to each other, and -means fortransmitting the said relative displacements'to the copying device insuch a way that the mark system is seen by means ofthesaid binocularobservation system as masses coinciding at any one time with thosetwoimage-points which correspond on the two photograms to theobject-point indicated by the tool-point on the copy-carrier, betweeneach photogram and the mark system a lens system being inserted andmeans being provided for, adapted to couple the lens system and the marksystem in such a way that at least one member of the lens system, de-

pendent upon the distance of the mark system from the objective,appertaining to the respective photogram, undergoes a displace-'- mentin the direction of its optical axis, and participates in changes ofinclination of the line determined by the mark system and the principalpoint of the said objective, facing the mark system, the optical axis ofthis lens system and this line almost coinciding with one another.

3. In a device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copying device containing acopy-carrier and a tool which are movable relatively to each other atleast within a plane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one ofthe two photograms and an objectivedestined to be disposed in the centreof projection of the appertaining photogram, a binocular observationsystem, a mark system, whereby the latter and the pair of photo-carriersare disposed in space displaceably relatively to each other, and meansfor transmitting the said relative displacements to the copying devicein such a way that the mark system is seen by means of the saidbinocular observation system as coinciding at an one time with those twoimage-points w ich correspond on the two photograms to the object-pointindicated by the tool-point on the copy-carrier, between each objectiveand the mark system a lens system being inserted and means beingprovided for, adapted to v couple the lens system and the mark system insuch a way that at least one member of the lens system, dependent uponthe distance of the mark system from the objective, appertaining'to therespective photogram, undergoes a displacement in the directi'onof itsoptical axis.

Y 4. In a device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copying device containing acopy-carrier and atool which are movable relatively to each other atleast within a plane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to. carry one ofthe two photograms and an objective destined to be disposed in thecentreqof projection of the appertaining photogram, a binocularobservation system, a mark system, whereby the latter and the pair ofphoto-carriers aredisposed in space isplaceably 'relativel to eachother, and means for transmitting the said, relative displacements tothe copying device in such a way that the mark system 1s seen by meansaevaeca of the said binocular observation system as coinciding at anyone time with those two image-points which correspond on the twophotograms to the object-point indicated by the tool-point on thecopy-carrier, between each photogram and the mark system a lens systembeing inserted, which consists of several members and is universallysupported rotatably about a point coinciding with the principal point ofthe lens system, facing the mark system, independently of the positionoccupied at any one time by the members of the lens system relatively toeach other, and means for transmitting the said relative displacementsto the copylng device in such a way that the mark system is seen bymeans of the said binocular observation system as coinciding at any onetime with thosetwo image-points which correspond on the two photogramsto the object-point indicated by the tool-point on the copy-carrier,between each photogram and the mark system a lens system bein insertedand means being provided for, a a ted to couple the lens system and themar system in such a way that at least one member of the lens system,dependent upon the distance of the mark system from the objective,appertaining to the respective photogram, undergoes a displacement inthe direction of its optical axis.

5. In a device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copying device containing acopy-carrier and a tool which are movable relatively to each other atleast within a plane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one ofthe two photogramsand'an objective destined to be disposed in the centreof projection of the'appertaining photo- .gram, a binocular observationsystem, a

mark system, whereby the latter and the pair of photo-carriers aredisposed in space displaceably relatively to each other, and means fortransmitting the said relative displacements to the copying device insuch a way that the mark system is seen by means of the said binocularobservation system as coinciding at anyone time with those twoimage-points which correspond on the two photograms to the object-pointindicated by the tool point on the copy-carrier, between each photogramand the mark system a lens system being inserted, which consists ofseveral members and is universally supported rotatably about a pointcoinciding with the principal point of the lens system, facing the marksystem, and with the principal point, facing the mark system, of theappertaining objective, independently of'the'position occupied at anyone time by the members of the lens system relatively to each other, andmeans for transmitting the said relative displacements to the copyingdevice in such a way that the mark system is seen by means of the saidbinocular observation system as coinciding at any one time with thosetwo image-points which correspond on the two photograms to theobject-point indicated by the tool-point on the copy-carrier, betweeneach photogram and the mark system a lens system being insertedand meansbeing provided for, adapted to couple the lens system and the marksystem in such a way that at least one member of the lens system,dependent upon the distance of the marksystem from the objective,appertaining to the respective photogram, undesgoes a displacement inthe direction of its optical ans.

6. In a device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copying device containing acopy-carrier and a tool which are movable relatively to each otherv atleast within aplane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one ofthe two photograms and an objective destined to be disposed in thecentre of projection of the appertaining photogram, a binocularobservation system, a mark system, consisting of two members whichduring the copying are so disposed at a fixed distance apart that eachof them can only be seen in the binocular observation system ascoinciding with one of the two photograms, whereby the mark system andthe pair of photo-carriers are disposed in space displaceably relativelyto each other, and means for transmitting the said relativedisplacements to the copying device in such a way that the mark systemis seen by means of the said binocular observation system as coincidingat any one time with those two image-points which correspond on the twophotograms to the object-point indicated by the tool-point on thecopy-carrier,

between each photogram and the mark system a lens system being insertedand means being provided for, adapted to couple the lens system and themark system in such a way that at least one member of the lens system,dependent upon the distance of the mark system from the objective,appertaining to the respective photogram, undergoes a displacement inthe direction of its optical axis.

7. In a device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copying device containing acopy-carrier and a tool which are movable relatively to each other atleast within a plane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one ofthe two photograms and an tit tion system as coinciding with one of'the' the third slide carries the two members ofthe mark, and means fortransmitting the said relative displacements to the copying device insuch a way that the mark system is seen by means of the said binocularobservation system as coinciding at any onetime with those twoimage-points which correspond on the two'photograms to the object-pointindicated by the tool-point on the copy-carrier, betweeneach photogramand the mark system a lens system being inserted and means beingprovided for, adapted to couple the lens system and. the mark system insuch a way that at least one member of the lens system, dependent uponthe distance of the mark system from the objective, appertaining to therespective photogram, undergoes a displacement in the direction of itsoptical axis.

8:,111 a device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copying device containing acopy-carrier and a tool which are movable relatively to each other atleast within a plane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one ofthe two photograms and an'objective destined to be disposed in thecentreof projection of the appertaining photogram, .a binocular observationsystem, a mark system, consisting of two members which during thecopying are so disposed at a fixed distance apart that each of them canonly be seen'in the binocular observa tion system as coinciding with oneof the two photograms, three slides adapted to be actuated by theobserver, two of the directions of displacement of these slides beingperpendicular to each other and the'third perpendicular to the twoothers, two of these slidesbeing united to a cross-slide system, on theupper slide of which there are supported the two photo-carriers, whilstthe'third slide carries the two members of the mark and the distanceapart of the pair of photo-carriers and of the pair of members of themark being adjusted by the bottom slide of the cross-slide system, themembers of one of these two pairs being displaceabl disposed relativelyto each other in the direction of displacement of the top slide of thecross-slide system and the members of one 'of these two pairs in thedirection" of displacement of the third slide.

9. In a device 'for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphoto'grains, of aspatial form,-a copying device containing s eaaacs acopy-carrier and a tool which are movable relatively to each other atleast within a plane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one ofthe two photograms and an objective destined to be disposed in thecentre of projection of the appertaining photoam' a binocularobservation s stem a mark system, consisting of two members which duringthe copying are so disposed at a fixed distance apart that each of themcan only be seen in the binocular observation system as coincidin withone of the two photograms, three slides'adapted to be actuated by theobserver, two of the directions of displacement of these slides beingperpendicular to each other and the third perpendicular to the twoothers, two of these slides being unit to a cross-slide system, on theupper sli e of which there are sup' ported the two photo-"carriers, eachin Cardan suspension in such a. way that its Cardan centre nearlycoincides with the principal point of the appertaining objective, facingthe mark system, whilst the third slide carries the two members of themark and the distance apart of the pair of hoto-carriers and of the airof members 0 the mark being adjuste by the bottom slide of thecrossslide system, the members of one of these two pairs beingdisplaceably disposed relatively to each other in the direction ofdisplacement of the top slidev of the cross-slide system and the membersof one of these two pairs in-the direction of displacement of the thirdslide. a

10. Ina device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copyin device containin a copy-carrierand a too which are mov able relatively to each other at least within aplane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one of the twophotograms and an objective destined to be disposed in the centre ofprojection of' theappertaining photogram, 'a binocular observationsystem, a mark system consisting of two members, which during thecopying are so disposed at a fixed distance apart that each of them canonly be seen in the binocular observation system as coinciding with oneof the two photograms, three slides adapted to be actuated by theobserver, two of the directions of displacement of these slides beingperpendicular to each other and the third perpendicularto the twoothers-two of these 12o slides being united to a cross-slide system,- 4J terraces direction of displacement of the bottom slide of thecross-slide system, further the members of one of these two pairs beingdisplaceably disposed relatively to each other in the direction ofdisplacement of the top slide of the cross-slide system, and finally themembers of one of these two pairs bein displaceably disposed in thedirection 0 displacement of the third slide.

11. In a device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copyin device containing a copy-carrierand a too which are movable relatively to each other at least within aplane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one of the twophotograms and an objective destined to be disposed in the centre ofprojection of the appertaining photogram, a binocular observationsystem, a mark system, consisting of two members which during thecopying are so disposed at a fixed distance apart that each of them canonly be seen in the binocular observation system as coinciding-with oneof the two photograms, three slides adapted to be actuated by theobserver, two of the directions of displacement of these slides beingperpendicular to each other and the third perpendicular to the twoothers, two of these slides being united to a cross-slide system, on theupper slide of which there are supported the two photo-carriers, each inGardan suspension in such a way that its Cardan centre nearly coincideswith the principal point of the appertaining objective, facing the marksystem, whilst the third slide carries the two members of the mark andthe distance apart of the pair, of photo-carriers and of the pair ofmembers of the mark being adjusted by the bottom slide of thecross-slide system, the members of one of these two pairs beingdisplaceably disposed relatively to each other in the direction ofdisplacement of the top slide of the cross-slide system and the membersof one of these two pairs in the direction of displacement of the thirdslide, furthermore of that of these two pairs in which the direction ofthe relative adjustment of the two members coincides with the directionof displacement of that slide which adjusts the relative displacement ofthe space mark, corresponding to the two members of the mark withbinocular observation and of the spatial form correspondin to bothphotograms, in the breadth-directlon of this form, each of the twomembers being adjustably disposed.

12. In a device for copying the surface,

to be obtained from a pair of photograms,

of a spatial form,a copying device containing a copy-carrier and a toolwhich are movable relatively to each other at least within a plane, twophoto-carriers, each adapted to carry one of the two photograms and anobjective destined to be disposed in the centre of projection of theappertaining photogram and being rotatable about an axis ing at any onetime with those two imagepoints which correspond on the two photogramsto the object-point indicated by the tool-point on the copy-carrier,between each photogram and the mark system a lens system being insertedand means being provided for, adapted to couple the lens system and themark system in such a way that at least one member of the lens system,dependent upon the distance of the mark system from the objective, apertaining to the respective photogram, 'un ergoes a displacement in thedirection of its optical axis.

13. In a device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copying device containing acopy-carrier and a tool which are movable relatively to each other atleast within a plane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one ofthe two photograms and an objective destined to be disposed in thecentre of projection of the appertaining photogram, a binocularobservation system, a mark system, consisting of two members whichduring the copying are so disposed at a fixed distance apart that eachof them can only be seen in the binocular observation system ascoinciding .with one of the two photograms, whereby the mark system andthe pair of photo-carriers are disposed in space displ'aceablyrelatively to each other, and means for transmitting the said relativedisplacements to the copying device-in such a way that the mark systemis'seen by means of the said binocular observation system as coincidingat any one time with those two image-points which correspond on the twophotograms to the object-point indicated by the tool-point on thecopy-carrier, between each photogram and the mark system a lens systembeing inserted and means being provided for, adapted to couple the lenssystem and the mark system in such a way that 'at least one member ofthe lens system, de-

pendent upon the distance of the mark system from the objective,appertaining to the respective photogram, undergoes a displacement inthe direction of its optical axis, each half of the binocularobservation instrument containing between the appertaining member of themark system and the ocular a reflector system, consisting of two groupsof reflectors disposed in succession, which are both connected with theappertaining member of the suspension in-sucha way'that its Cardancentre contains this member of the mark system, whilst therear group ofreflectors is supported rotatably about a single axis, coinciding withthe external Cardan axis of the front group of reflectors, whereby thetwo groups of reflectors are coupled with each other for uniformrotations about this common axis of rotation and the position of thereflecting surfaces is so chosen that the line determined by the saidmember of the mark system and the principal point of the appertainingobjective, facing the mark system, on leaving the rear groupof-reflectors, is parallel to the axis of rotation of this group ofreflectors.

14. In a device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copying device containing acopy-carrier and a tool which are movable relatively to each other atleast within a plane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one ofthe two photograms and an objective destined to be disposed in thecentre of projection of the appertaining photogram, a binocularobservation system, a mark system, consisting of two members whichduring the copying are so disposed at a fixed distance apart that eachof them can onlybe seen in the binocular observatiomsystem as coincidingwith one of the two photograms, whereby the mark system and the pair ofphoto-carriers are disposed in space displaceably relatively to eachother, and means for transmitting the said relative displacements to thecopying device in such a way that the mark system is seen by means ofthe said binocular observation system as coinciding at any one time withthose two image-points which correspond on. the two photograms to theobject-point indicated by the tool-point on the copy-carrier, betweeneach photogram and the mark system a lens system being inserted andmeans being .provided for, adapted to couple the lens system and themark system in such a way that at least one member of the lens system,dependent'upon the distance of the mark system from the objective,appertaining to the respective photogram, undergoes a displacement inthe direction of its optical axis, each half of the binocularobservation instrument containing between the appertaining member of themark system and the ocular a reflec torsystem, consisting'of two groupsof'reflectors disposed in succession, which are both connected with theappertaining member of the mark system, viz. the front one in Gardansuspension in such a we that its Cardan centre contains this member ofthe mark system, whilst the rear group of reflectors is supportedrotatably about a single axis, coinciding with the external Cardan axisof the front group of reflectors, whereby Masses the two groups ofreflectors are coupled with. each other'for uniform rotations about thiscommon axis of rotation and the position of the reflecting surfaces isso chosen that the line determined by the said member of the mark systemand the principal point of the appertaining objective, facing the marksystem, on leaving the rear group of reflectors, is parallel to the axisof rotation of this group of reflectors, an erecting prism beinginserted into the path of rays of each half of the observationinstrument and so coupled to both groups of reflectors as to undergo arotation through half the angle in the event of rotations of the frontgroup of reflectors about its internal Gardan axis as well as withrotations of both groups of reflectors about theircommon axis ofrotation.

15. In a device for copying the surface, to be obtained from a pair ofphotograms, of a spatial form, a copying device containing acopy-carrier and a tool which are movable relatively to each otheratleastwithin a plane, two photo-carriers, each adapted to carry one ofthe two photograms and an objective destined to be disposed in thecentre of projection of the appertaining photogram, a binocularobservation system, a mark system consisting of two members which duringthe copying are so disposed at a fixed distance apart that each of themcan only beseen in the binocular observation system as coinciding withone of the twophotograms, three slides adapted to be actuated by theobserver, two of the directions of displacement of these slides beingperpendicular to each other and the third perpendicular to the twoothers,.tw0 of these slides being united to a cross-slide system, on theupper slide of which there are supported the two photocarriers, whilstthe third slide carries the two members of the mark, and means fortransmitting the'said relative displacements to the copying device insuch a way that the mark system is seen by means of the said binocularobservation system as coinciding at any one time with those twoimage-points which correspond on the two photograms to the objectpointindicated by the tool-point on the copycarrier, between each photogramand the mark system a lens system being inserted and means beingprovided for, adapted to couple the lens system and the mark system insuch a Way that at least one member of the lens system, dependent uponthe distance of the mark system from the objective,

appertaining to the respective photogram,

' undergoes a displacement in the direction of areeee tem, viz.- thefront one. in Garden suspension in such a Way that its Cardan centrecontains this member of the mark system, Whilst the rear group ofreflectors is supported rotatably about a single axis, coinciding withthe external Cardan axis of the front group of reflectors, whereby thetwo groups of reflectors are coupled with each other for uniformrotations about this common axis of rotation and the position of thereflecting surfaces is so chosen that the line determined by the saidmember of the mark system and the principal point of the appertainingobjective, facing the mark system, on leaving the rear group ofreflectors, is parallel to the axis of rotation of this group ofreflectors, an erecting prism being inserted into the path of rays ofeach half of the observation instrument and so coupled as to both groupsof reflectors as to undergo a rotation through half the angle in theevent of rotations of the front group of re flectors about its internalCardan axis as Well as with rotations of both groups of reflectors abouttheir common axis of rotation, the third of the three slides to beactuated by the observer adjusting the displacement ofthe space mark,corresponding to both members of the mark With binocular observation,relatively to the spatial form corresponding to the two photograms, inthe breadth-direction of this form, an arrangement of link-prisms beinginserted into the path of rays between each rear grmip of reflectors andthe appertaining ocular.

WALTHER BAUERSFELD. Witnesses:

PAUL KRUGER, FRrrz LANDER.

